Integrationsaspekte der Simulation: Technik, Orgnisation und Personal, Karlsruhe, 7. und 8. Oktober 2010 = Integration Aspects of Simulation: Equipment, Organization and Personnell, Karlsruhe, 7th and 8th October 2010

Die Integration technischer, organisatorischer und personalorientierter Aspekte in Simulationsverfahren ist das Leitthema der 14. Fachtagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Simulation (ASIM) innerhalb der Gesellschaft für Informatik, die vom Institut für Arbeitswissenschaft und Betriebsorganisation im Oktober 2010 ausgerichtet wurde. Der vorliegende Tagungsband gibt somit einen vertiefenden Einblick in neue Entwicklungen und Beispiele guter Praxis der Simulation über den deutschsprachigen Raum hinaus

Heterorhabditis, Steinernema and their bacterial symbionts - lethal pathogens of insects

The entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) Heterorhabditis and Steinernema together with their symbiont bacteria Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, respectively, are obligate and lethal parasites of insects. EPN can provide effective biological control of some important lepidopteran, dipteran and coleopteran pests of commercial crops and they are amenable to large-scale culture in liquid fermentors. They are unique among rhabditids in having a symbiotic relationshipwith an enteric bacterium species. The bacterial symbiont is required to kill the insect host and to digest the host tissues, thereby providing suitable nutrient conditions for nematode growth and development. This review describes the general biology of EPN and their symbionts and gives an overview of studies to date on EPN biodiversity, biogeography and phylogeny. The impetus for research in EPN and their symbionts has come about because of their biological control potential, with much of the focus in EPN research having been on applied aspects relating to pest control. However EPN and their symbionts are increasinglybeing viewed as exciting subjects for basic research in the areas of ecology, biodiversity, evolution, biochemistry, symbiosis and molecular genetics. Much progress has been made over the past 20 years in our understanding of the basic biology and genetics of EPN and their symbionts. We are now entering a new phase in which the tools of molecular genetics are being increasingly used to address a range of biological questions in EPN research. The knowledge gained from this endeavour should ensure that EPN will become even more effective biopesticides and should also ensure that EPN and their symbionts gain prominence as unique and intrinsically interesting biological systems

Morphological characterisation of three isolates of Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 from the "Irish group" (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae)and additional evidence supporting their recognition as a distinct species, H. downesi n. sp

The morphological variation of three representative isolates of the "Irish group" of Heterorhabditis was examined. First generation hermaphrodites were characterised by having a blunt and mucronate tail. Females (second generation) and third-stage infective juveniles were also distinguished by the morphology of the tail and the presence of a refractile projection in the tail tip. Males were characterised by the position of the excretory pore and by the value of ratio SW. These morphological features do not fit the description of currently recognised Heterorhabditis species, and provide additional evidence in support for the consideration of the Irish group as a new species. A description of this species, as H. downesi n. sp., is provided

Morphological characterisation of three isolates of Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 from the "Irish group" (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae)and additional evidence supporting their recognition as a distinct species, H. downesi n. sp

The morphological variation of three representative isolates of the "Irish group" of Heterorhabditis was examined. First generation hermaphrodites were characterised by having a blunt and mucronate tail. Females (second generation) and third-stage infective juveniles were also distinguished by the morphology of the tail and the presence of a refractile projection in the tail tip. Males were characterised by the position of the excretory pore and by the value of ratio SW. These morphological features do not fit the description of currently recognised Heterorhabditis species, and provide additional evidence in support for the consideration of the Irish group as a new species. A description of this species, as H. downesi n. sp., is provided

Revised List of Type Specimens on Deposit in the University of California Davis Nematode Collection

The list of deposited type specimens is updated for the University of California Davis Nematode Collection, as recommended by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The type collection includes 1,001 species and more than 11,000 individual specimens mounted on microscope slides. This list can be used as a reference to locate specimens but is not meant to clarify ambiguities that may exist concerning the type status of particular specimens

Scales of Stress Heterogeneity Near Active Faults in the Santa Barbara Channel, Southern California

The Santa Barbara Channel represents the offshore portion of the Ventura Basin in Southern California. Ongoing transpression related to a regional left step in the San Andreas Fault has led to the formation of E‐W trending en‐echelon fault systems that accommodate localized shortening across the basin. Recent studies have suggested that faults within the channel could be capable of a multisegment rupture and producing a M_w 7.7–8.1 tsunamigenic earthquake. However, dynamic rupture models producing these results do not account for stress heterogeneity. With only sparse information available on the stress field in this region, further borehole‐derived stress constraints are essential for obtaining a more comprehensive understanding of the hazards related to the complex fault systems. We used caliper logs from 19 wells obtained from industry to identify stress‐induced borehole breakouts beneath the Holly and Gail oil platforms in the channel. Our newly developed forward modeling technique provides constraints on the orientations and relative magnitudes of the three principal stresses. At Gail, we determine a reverse faulting stress regime (S_(Hmax) = 1.7; S_(hmin) = 1.6; SV = 1.0) and an S_(Hmax) azimuth of N45°E. Our results are consistent with local structures, which reflect deeper regional scale trends, and with similar studies onshore nearby. At Holly, an S_(Hmax) rotation from ~N36°W to ~N57°E occurs across ~100 m depth in a single well and differs from nearby results, indicating that short‐length scale (<10 km laterally and <1 km in depth) stress heterogeneity is associated with complex changes in fault geometry

Scales of Stress Heterogeneity Near Active Faults in the Santa Barbara Channel, Southern California

The Santa Barbara Channel represents the offshore portion of the Ventura Basin in Southern California. Ongoing transpression related to a regional left step in the San Andreas Fault has led to the formation of E‐W trending en‐echelon fault systems that accommodate localized shortening across the basin. Recent studies have suggested that faults within the channel could be capable of a multisegment rupture and producing a M_w 7.7–8.1 tsunamigenic earthquake. However, dynamic rupture models producing these results do not account for stress heterogeneity. With only sparse information available on the stress field in this region, further borehole‐derived stress constraints are essential for obtaining a more comprehensive understanding of the hazards related to the complex fault systems. We used caliper logs from 19 wells obtained from industry to identify stress‐induced borehole breakouts beneath the Holly and Gail oil platforms in the channel. Our newly developed forward modeling technique provides constraints on the orientations and relative magnitudes of the three principal stresses. At Gail, we determine a reverse faulting stress regime (S_(Hmax) = 1.7; S_(hmin) = 1.6; SV = 1.0) and an S_(Hmax) azimuth of N45°E. Our results are consistent with local structures, which reflect deeper regional scale trends, and with similar studies onshore nearby. At Holly, an S_(Hmax) rotation from ~N36°W to ~N57°E occurs across ~100 m depth in a single well and differs from nearby results, indicating that short‐length scale (<10 km laterally and <1 km in depth) stress heterogeneity is associated with complex changes in fault geometry

A New Species of \u3ci\u3eHeterorhabditis\u3c/i\u3e from the Hawaiian Islands

A new species of nematode of the genus Heterorhabditis (Nemata: Heterorhabditidae) was found during a survey of the soil entomopathogenic nematode fauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Heterorhabditis hawaiiensis sp. n. can be separated from all other species of Heterorhabditis by the length of the infective juvenile and the morphological characters of the spicules, gubemaculum, and bursa. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragment analysis showed that this species also has a distinct genetic pattern in RAPD bands relative to the other 6 species or isolates of Heterorhabditis that were compared

An Entomopathogenic Nematode by Any Other Name

Among the diversity of insect-parasitic nematodes, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are distinct, cooperating with insect-pathogenic bacteria to kill insect hosts. EPNs have adapted specific mechanisms to associate with and transmit bacteria to insect hosts. New discoveries have expanded this guild of nematodes and refine our understanding of the nature and evolution of insect–nematode associations. Here, we clarify the meaning of “entomopathogenic” in nematology and argue that EPNs must rapidly kill their hosts with the aid of bacterial partners and must pass on the associated bacteria to future generations

First report of Steinernema longicaudum and its bacterial symbionts, Xenorhabdus species, in pummelo orchards of Davao region, Philippines

Davao region is the largest pummelo-producing area in the Philippines. Like other tropical fruits, pummelo is infested with several insect pests which consequently lead to the application of synthetic chemicals as deterrent. One potential alternative control measure is the use of soil-dwelling, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), each with its own suite of preferred host, which can be used to control a wide range of insect pests. A survey and soil samples were collected to isolate and identify EPNs in ten pummelo orchards in the Davao region. EPNs were extracted from soil samples using the insect-baiting technique, and were found in only two of the ten sampling areas. EPN isolates were subjected to molecular identification using the 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) while its bacterial symbionts were identified using 16S rDNA genes. Both EPN isolates were identified as Steinernema longicaudum. This is the first report of S. longicaudum isolate in the Philippines which can be used as biological control agent against insect pests of pummelo such as citrus rind borer and flower thrips